Header image generated by beanbag, cue word Male looking at cell phone on bus
The government work report proposes to promote full employment and improve the quality of employment, and resolutely correct all kinds of employment discrimination. A number of representatives and members, including host Bai Yansong and actress Zhang Kaili, have also expressed concern about the phenomenon of employment discrimination at the age of 35, suggesting that the flexibility and inclusiveness of the labor market should be enhanced, and that the trend of education development and lifelong education should be adapted to better cope with China’s aging population and structural changes in the workforce.
Now China’s per capita life expectancy is rising, the birth rate is low and sluggish, and the problem of aging is getting more and more serious, so much so that a delayed retirement policy has been implemented, and people have to work even after the age of 60, but at the same time, many people find it hard to find a job after the age of 35.
The international definition of young people is 18 45 years of age. 35 years of age is still very young, and it is precisely the stage when they are experienced in work and stable and mature. Moreover, they have old people and young people, and they bear the pressure of life, so they are more willing to struggle and pay.
However, this group is discriminated against when it comes to job hunting!
So, where does the problem lie? Why is there discrimination at the age of 35 on the one hand while retirement is deferred on the other?
The first reason for delaying retirement is, of course, the issue of pensions. The pension system in China is a pay-as-you-go payment system. To put it simply, the social security of young people is collected and then transferred to the retired elderly.
Obviously, the sustainability of this approach is closely related to the ratio of contributors to pensioners.
In 2023, China’s population over 60 years of age will already exceed 19 , while the total fertility rate in 2022 falls to 1 09. This results in fewer and fewer people in the labor force contributing to social security, while the number of people receiving pensions is surging.
On the other hand, the pension system was only introduced in 1997, and prior to that, the length of service for which workers did not contribute was treated as if they had contributed, meaning that the pensions themselves were in deficit.
The solution, then, is to delay retirement and reduce the size of the pensioner population.
But will this create a competition for employment between the elderly and the young?
The proportion of direct competition between the elderly and the young will not be too high because the elderly and the young are looking for different jobs, have different expectations of wages, and have different work skills, experience and qualifications.
Indirectly, there will be competition and complementarity between them. Many people imagine that the total number of jobs is constant, and then a group of people come to share them out in a zero-sum game. But that is not how the economy works, and the economy and the mechanism of employment is by no means a static process of dividing up the cake.
The employment situation depends on how well the economy is running rather than on the size of the population. Unemployment can occur in a small country with a small population, while the employment situation in a large country with a large population can be very good. When the economy was planned, a large number of young people had no jobs and had to go to the countryside. Later, with the reform and opening up of the countryside, the population was larger but the employment situation was better.
Therefore, when more elderly people are in their original positions, creating more wealth and spending more themselves, they can instead promote social and economic flows, which is conducive to generating more jobs.
So, why is it not good for young people to find jobs when they are over 35?
Employment discrimination at the age of 35 began first with the civil service career recruitment examination. According to the Interim Provisions on the Recruitment of National Civil Servants issued in 1994, one of the basic conditions for applying for the national civil service is that one must be under 35 years of age. After the implementation of this provision, many departments and units in many places now stipulate that people over 35 years of age are not allowed to take the public examination.
The threshold of 35 years of age may have been set initially on the basis of the need to include post-doctoral students, who can theoretically complete their doctoral studies before the age of 35, and basically need to go all the way through their undergraduate, master’s, doctoral and post-doctoral studies without delay, or else their age will be over the line.
In 2022, the average age of the nation’s labor force population will be 39 72 years old, and the average number of years of education for the working population will rise from 6 14 years in 1985 to 10 88 years in 2022. Not only is the length of education longer, but, now that technology is constantly evolving and lifelong learning is required, many people are working for a period of time before going to graduate school or doctoral programs, which would make them older than 35, and they would not be able to take the public exams or the editorial exams.
Government departments Career recruitment regulations, there will be a demonstration effect on the community, enterprises also followed do not want to 35 years of age or older job seekers.
In fact, this phenomenon is not as serious or as common as it is publicized in public opinion. In fact, do not want people over 35 years old, mainly in big cities.
Young people graduated, many people have to go to the big city to make a break for it, the big city will always have countless young people, the enterprises here have a wider range of choices, the same conditions, there are young, of course, choose the young, energetic, good wages and low.
Big cities are easy to make the news. A company that writes that it doesn’t want anyone over 35, or a person over 35 who is rejected for a job, will make the news.
So, society creates this impression, and the facts keep growing, and then they keep reinforcing themselves into solid ideas, to the point where there is now a social consensus.
Although there is a bad demonstration of the test for public office, the difficulty of finding a job over the age of 35 is mainly a result of market and demographic factors.
First of all, people over the age of 35 have been working in the workplace for close to 10 years or so, and they have often accumulated some contacts in the industry, and very often they look for a job in a way that fosters relationships. In turn, when enterprises openly recruit to the community, especially on the requirements of basic positions, they will write on the 35 years of age or older do not. In fact, they just do not want people over 35 years of age in relatively basic posts.
People in the workplace development, are slowly rising, continue to learn new professional ability, accumulate professional experience, or turn to some management ability, as well as access to a variety of resources, such as customer relations Relationships within the company and so on.
If a person in the workplace development is not good, professional skills did not keep up, management skills have not been developed, with the gradual increase in age, can not be promoted up, then, for the boss, since still do the basic work, then, of course, the young people good. Such people are more likely to suffer from unemployment. And when they apply for jobs, because of their lack of skills, they apply for basic positions, and of course the companies will choose the younger ones.
Another reason is that because of the recession, the industry has contracted, squeezing out people in managerial positions Senior positions. They have retreated and downgraded to seek employment, but they are overqualified for basic positions. Moreover, their seniority also becomes an obstacle that is difficult to manage, so companies also tend to write don’t over 35 years old. In addition, in some big Internet platforms, the so-called big factories, this sense of anxiety in the middle and upper levels will be even stronger, they are generally the outlet of the media and public opinion, resulting in self-produced competition Anxiety, exponentially amplified.
Can not be before this is not the case.
In 1978, China’s GDP totaled just $367.9 billion. By 2016, that number had exploded to 765,873 billion, with nominal GDP increasing more than 200 times and all industries expanding accordingly.
Larger industry sizes, bigger and more companies, have produced more management jobs. At the same time, new technologies emerged to create new needs and new industries, and to provide more management jobs for industry pioneers.
Each newcomer to the Internet, communications, and mobility generates more management positions and a huge new industry. In addition, China has a huge demographic dividend, with a large number of farmers and young people entering the industrial system, entering low-end jobs, replacing the original urban workers, and forming the base of a huge pyramid of the workplace, supporting more managerial positions.
As a result, it seems that everyone can become a mid-level manager, companies are always expanding, departments are always growing, and industries are always evolving.
Therefore, in the past, there was no employment difficulty for people over 35 years old because the industry, the company and the department were expanding, and everyone could get promoted, while at the same time, a large number of young people filled in the bottom of the pyramid and became managers.
And now, there are no more young people, fewer people to fill the bottom of the pyramid. There are more people left in the base positions, and, when the industry contracts, they are eliminated by the young people.
So, it’s not the young people who are stealing jobs from people over 35, or the retired people who are stealing jobs from people over 35, it’s the demographics, it’s the whole economic trend that’s causing it.
Understanding the problem, it will not be difficult to find a solution, though the solution, that too, will be very difficult.
The first step is for the Examiner to play an exemplary role. The good news is that the 2023 civil service recruitment examination, Henan Guizhou Tianjin Hubei Jiangxi Guangxi Sichuan Yunnan Chongqing Inner Mongolia the 10 provinces, has relaxed the age limit of some positions.
The current age policy for the civil service examination is essentially a preference for graduates without any social experience. This is actually not good.
These graduates, out of school into the organization units, life has not been in the market to experience some, it is difficult to deeply feel the operation of the market social conditions and human suffering. When they take up civil service posts, they will not be grounded, and they may even be condescending and lack empathy.
If the 35-year-old threshold is abolished and those who are older are recruited, this group of people will have a wider range of educational backgrounds and social experiences, and they will be able to bring in more perspectives and ideas to government organizations. They have had some experience in society, they know the market, they know the workplace, they know society, and they will be closer to society and more empathetic in policy formulation and implementation.
For enterprises, state-owned enterprises should also play a role model in this issue. For private enterprises, this is the right to operate independently, not willing to recruit those over 35 years old, there are always many reasons to refuse, strong pressure can not be done.
But public opinion society can do to guide, so that enterprises understand that now are delayed retirement, the lack of young people, to recognize this reality.
There is also a larger level, that is, whether the big cities to 35 years of age on the people to drive away, and attract more young people to enter. The demographic structure of the city has changed, the recruitment behavior of enterprises, and also need to change.
In short, enterprises are always subject to market constraints, can not recruit, will always change, with the gradual deepening of aging, do not want the phenomenon of 35 years of age or older may become less and less.
END
No 6248 Original First Published Article by Liu Yuanju
白名单 duanyu H 投稿 tougao99999
Welcome to watch the video of Qin Shuo’s circle of friends.
Leave a Reply