At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change is in the ascendant, and the competition among big countries in science and technology is getting hotter and hotter day by day.
Looking back at history, since the 18th century, mankind has experienced three complete scientific and technological revolutions, through major breakthroughs in the field of science and technology, driving the development of related industries, and ultimately realizing a huge leap in the state of the society, so that the history of mankind has gone through the era of steam, electrification and informationization.
Now, the fourth scientific and technological revolution has come with new breakthroughs and applications in the field of artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, new materials, quantum technology and other fields as the main symbol.
The seven major tracks of the new round of technological revolution .
Today’s world is experiencing a century of unprecedented changes, it can be said that who mastered the advantages of science and technology, who will be able to win in the fierce competition, looking back to summarize the first three scientific and technological revolution, can be derived from this four revelations
The trend of scientific and technological revolution as a precursor of industrial revolution is becoming more and more obvious.
The previous scientific and technological revolution often lays the foundation for the next scientific and technological revolution.
The world’s scientific and technological centers shift every 80 to 120 years.
Whoever is the fountainhead of a new technological revolution will become the world’s technological power.
In the fourth scientific and technological revolution, which is extremely competitive, there are seven major tracks to which great importance must be attached.
Track I Artificial Intelligence.
Artificial intelligence, with its ability to think comparable to or even surpassing human beings, is profoundly empowering the transformation of almost all industries.
The global AI market will exceed $300 billion in 2024, and is expected to reach the trillion-dollar level by 2030.
The rapid development of AI technology has led to the continuous improvement of related industries, greatly enhancing the ability of human beings to solve scientific discoveries, optimize the use of resources, complete daily tasks, and alleviate labor shortages.
At present, the global attention to AI is increasing, and the United States and China are in the first group of global AI technology development, and the two countries are competing to invest huge resources in this field and engage in fierce competition to seize the technological high ground and development opportunities.
Track II Quantum technology.
With the advent of the digital era, mankind has put forward unprecedentedly strict requirements for computing power and information security.
Quantum information technology can lay the technical foundation for the construction of a quantum Internet, realize high-speed processing of information and secure transmission of information, and form an autonomous and controllable future information technology system.
In the new round of international competition, China, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan have included quantum technology in their national strategies, and the competition among the world’s scientific and technological powerhouses in quantum technology is bound to become more intense in the future.
Track III Bioengineering.
In recent years, with the breakthroughs in life science, biotechnology, engineering technology, computation and information science, the bio-economy has shown rapid development, and has become one of the world’s competitive hot tracks.
Some research organizations predict that in the next 20 years, the biotechnology revolution will have a direct economic impact of $4 trillion to $30 trillion.
Up to now, more than 60 countries and regions have introduced bio-manufacturing or bio-economy related strategic policies, plans and action plans, and the intention of countries to seize the beach in bio-engineering has become more obvious.
Track 4: Energy Revolution.
A new round of energy revolution represented by solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy is developing rapidly, and the proportion of renewable energy in primary energy consumption will reach 75% in 2022, a record high.
The world’s major scientific and technological countries are actively exploring and developing cutting-edge technologies in the field of new energy, and are engaged in a fierce competition in solar energy conversion technology, advanced energy storage systems, controllable nuclear fusion and other technologies.
Currently, clean energy has made significant breakthroughs in industries such as automotive power generation and heating, and occupies a sizeable market share. According to one study, clean energy is expected to contribute more than half of the world’s electricity by 2030.
The iterative development of energy will accelerate the evolution of energy transformation and industrial restructuring in various countries, and the continuous maturation of related industries will gradually replace the dominant role occupied by traditional energy.
Track V Space Technology.
Since the success of the first artificial satellite in the 1950s, mankind has never stopped exploring space. At present, based on the development of space science and technology, network services, space travel and other planetary resources development and other industries, with huge economic potential.
The UK National Space Strategy report predicts that the global space economy will grow from about £270 billion in 2019 to £490 billion in 2030.
In the new phase of the space race, China and the United States are at the forefront, and Russia, the European Union, Canada, Japan and South Korea have also introduced their own space policies to support the development of the space technology industry.
Track 6 New materials technology.
The new materials industry is a strategic and fundamental industry and a key area of high-tech competition.
In recent years, the global new chemical materials industry has been developing rapidly.
On the whole, developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries and regions are in the first echelon, with a first-mover advantage, and countries such as South Korea, Russia and China are in the second echelon of the new chemical materials industry, which is in the stage of rapid development, and countries such as Brazil and India are in the third echelon, and they are catching up with each other.
Track VII Blockchain Technology.
As a decentralized, non-tamperable and open and transparent technology, blockchain is driving technological innovation on a global scale.
At present, the United States, Europe and other countries and regions have made significant progress in blockchain regulation, financial technology and supply chain optimization, especially in areas such as Web3 0 decentralized finance.
China’s blockchain technology research hotspots are focusing on the key technology of alliance blockchain blockchain regulation technology and other two major areas, the development of domestic blockchain industry is ushering in the spring breeze.
Opportunities and challenges exist in China’s technological development.
Against the background of accelerated evolution of the world’s century-long change, the technological revolution and the great power game are intertwined with each other, and the international competition pattern has undergone fundamental changes. In the new round of technological revolution, opportunities and challenges are intertwined with each other, which has brought new development issues to China.
It possesses multiple advantages.
Unlike the previous three technological revolutions, China has a clear advantage among the world’s major economies in the fourth technological revolution due to its stable domestic political situation, good industrial system, and abundant human resources.
Institutional advantages. Under the new nationalized policy arrangement, China is able to fully mobilize the resources of all parties to facilitate the R&D and application of new technologies, and the government is able to provide strong support in terms of talent cultivation, research and development, and industrial policies.
Taking artificial intelligence as an example, in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places, the government and social capital have worked closely together to set up various new R&D institutions, such as the Zhiyuan Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, the General Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, and the Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, which have become the cradle for the birth of advanced algorithms and models.
At the same time, the state-owned capital is the establishment of more than 100 billion scale of artificial intelligence industry fund, incubated a large number of strong market competitiveness of the main body of the enterprise, for the commercialization of the application of artificial intelligence to provide sufficient kinetic energy.
Market advantage. The results of the scientific and technological revolution need to be transformed into commercial applications, and ultimately form the iterative upgrading of the industry, there must be a market for the industry, China is the world’s most populous country, with a vast domestic market, which provides a huge space for the application and promotion of new technologies and products.
Take new energy vehicles as an example, China is currently the world’s largest producer of new energy vehicles, with the advantages of the whole industry chain, the new energy vehicles of domestic brands from the initial full load of 150 kilometers, and gradually developed to today’s 700 kilometers, from the beginning of the low-end route to today’s full coverage, and gradually gained the recognition of the market, stimulating the huge domestic demand for automobile consumption, which in turn led to the iterative upgrading of the technology, and even gained wide recognition in overseas markets.
Manufacturing Advantage. Strong manufacturing strength is an important reason for China’s leading position in many areas of the fourth scientific and technological revolution. Manufacturing is the key support for the industrialization of science and technology. Without a complete manufacturing industry, even cutting-edge science and technology cannot be transformed.
The external environment is severe.
At present, around the fourth scientific and technological revolution of the great powers of the competition intensified, the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea, India and other major economies, have been put into the research and development of new technologies and the market in the fierce competition.
The United States, as the most powerful country in the world in terms of scientific and technological strength, regards China as the main competitor in the fourth scientific and technological revolution.
In the competition with China, the United States, on the one hand, by virtue of its established advantages, has invested huge sums of money to create an international first-class scientific and technological personnel training system, and has made rapid progress in artificial intelligence, aerospace, bioengineering and other fields.
At the same time, the U.S. holds a Cold War mentality and frequently adopts non-market means to suppress and curb China’s high-tech development, tightly controlling technology exports, blocking the exchange of talents, and listing restrictive lists and other means in an endless stream.
It can be said that the U.S. is doing everything it can to stop China’s scientific and technological development, and its blockade of China has gradually evolved from a high wall in a small courtyard to an iron curtain in a large courtyard.
In addition, the United States has also co-opted and coerced economies such as Japan, the Netherlands, Taiwan and so on, to build the so-called allied small circles to jointly create technological barriers against China, and to make other countries the victims of competition with China.
However, the green hills cannot be hidden, but after all, the eastward flow goes away. As long as China adapts to the changes of the times, embraces scientific and technological innovation, capitalizes on its strengths and avoids weaknesses, and tends to avoid harm, it will certainly be able to stand out in the new wave of scientific and technological revolution.
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